• Digitalization is a megatrend – in the automotive sector, too
• Car access using a smartphone is becoming mainstream
• Huf launches digital car key with hands-free comfort
• Functions on Demand – add extras via smartphone app

The smartphone is taking over the function of the car key, combining the advantages of digital car keys with the hands-free comfort of passive access systems.

Digital car keys are becoming a matter of course

Whether with the Apple iPhone or smartphones from other manufacturers such as Samsung or Huawei, we are now used to performing a wide range of tasks with our cell phones. Smartphones have long since become much more than a means of communication. We use them to surf the Internet, exchange information via social media or news services, and in some cases also use them to control televisions and other electronic devices as well as to pay at the supermarket or the cinema. Smartphones also play a key role in cars. According to a representative survey by the IT association Bitkom, 69 percent of respondents find smartphone integration more important than the car brand when buying a car. This is because infotainment systems in modern cars automatically pair with registered smartphones when the driver gets in. It allows the driver to use hands-free phone services or play music stored on the smartphone via the car’s audio system. 

How about digital car keys using NFC?

In many cases, smartphones can also lock or unlock cars. As with payment at the supermarket checkout or gas station, NFC (near field communication) technology is used. However, NFC has one disadvantage: the smartphone must always be actively held in the hand and in front of the door handle with integrated NFC interface. This is because, as the name “Near Field Communication” suggests, data is transmitted only within the immediate vicinity.

Passive entry systems with physical car keys are quite different. These hands-free systems such as Keyless-Go from Mercedes or Comfort Access from BMW are more comfortable because the car unlocks automatically, whether the keys are in your pocket, jacket, or handbag. Yes, such systems still have a physical key; this serves as a transponder. The car can be unlocked and started without having to actively pick up and press a button on the key.

Phone as a Key: digital car key, made by Huf

Phone as a Key from Huf combines the best of both worlds. Users of this digital key system enjoy the comfort of hands-free car access and can also take advantage of the other benefits of smartphone integration, including sharing digital car keys with friends, neighbors, and family via smartphone.

Functions on Demand for new business areas

Huf offers Phone as a Key directly to car manufacturers, who can integrate the smart system for digital key management into their vehicles. Another advantage of this OEM solution is that with Phone as a Key, additional functions can be added on demand and over the air (OTA) via smartphone app. These digital services open up additional market potential for car manufacturers and an even more individualized customer experience thanks to numerous comfort and safety features. One example is the detection of people in the in the car. Thanks to the extremely precise positioning of the Huf UWB sensors, even the breathing movements of small children in the car can be detected. Child Presence Detection will be included in the 5-star rating in the Euro NCAP crash test from 2022. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) will also take this technology into account. These and other aspects of passenger detection will also come into play in car insurance.

Car manufacturers as well as end users profit from many benefits with the digital car key Phone as a Key from Huf. Car access keys can be shared easily and securely and can be configured with different levels of authorization. Car owners specify exactly who is allowed to open the passenger compartment or trunk, or start the engine, and when. This means the car can even temporarily become a pack station.

Thanks to BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and UWB (Ultra Wideband), car access is highly comfortable - hands-free, in other words, without having to take the smartphone out of the pocket. The UWB-technology also serves as the basis for innovative security functions such as Child Presence Detection by Huf (CPD) and effective protection against relay station attacks. For Car manufacturers, Phone as a Key also opens up the possibility of offering comfort features such as gesture recognition as a retrofit option via app download.

The digital car key Phone as a Key by Huf works on the basis of three technologies for data transmission that can also be found in smartphones: Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Ultra Wideband (UWB) and Near Field Communication (NFC). BLE is an energy-saving variant of classic Bluetooth and registers at a distance of about 30 meters when the vehicle owner approaches. There is a first data exchange and a check of the digital car key. In addition, localization via UWB is prepared.

If the digital car key is 10 meters away, the UWB satellites installed in the vehicle localize the key with centimeter precision using short pulses. The car access system unlocks the vehicle doors and detects when the digital car key is inside the car. The engine is only then enabled to start. As a fallback solution,

Huf uses proven NFC technology, which enables car access and engine start even when the smartphone battery is flat. The entire system is AUTOSAR-compatible and thus very easy to integrate into different vehicle architectures.

• Can be integrated into many cars and platforms
• UWB, BLE, and NFC for transmission
• Phone as a Key is AUTOSAR compliant
• Flexible and compact satellite antenna design
• Software development kit (SDK) for app developers

With experience and understanding, Huf has consistently developed the system architecture of digital key management according to market needs.

AUTOSAR compatibility as a key factor

As with all its products, Huf, as an experienced automotive supplier, has also ensured that Phone as a Key can be integrated into almost all car architectures. That is why Phone as a Key is consistently AUTOSAR compliant. AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is a global development partnership of car manufacturers, suppliers, and other electronics, semiconductor, and software companies founded in 2003. AUTOSAR aims to create an open and standardized software architecture for electronic control units (ECU).

Complete package of hardware and software

With Phone as a Key, OEM get a complete package: an AUTOSAR-compliant control unit, satellites for receiving UWB and BLE signals, NFC transceivers and, finally, the software algorithm that makes a major contribution to the system’s excellent positioning precision.

BLE, UWB, and NFC complement each other

Because of the long range and economical energy consumption, Phone as a Key uses BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) for data communication and initial positioning of a device. However, this method is not precise enough for exact positioning. If the driver continues to approach the car, UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is used for centimeter-precise positioning from a distance of around ten meters.

As a fallback, access and startup are also possible using NFC (Near Field Communication). The NFC transceiver is integrated in the door handle on the driver’s door. Alternatively, the module can also be located in the B-pillar. In the interior, there is another NFC contact surface in the center console where drivers can place their smartphone.

Flexible antenna with compact design

The expertise of Huf is also reflected in the UWB and BLE satellites and the NFC transceiver. These enable more than just high positioning precision. The PCB antennas are also integrated in robust and compact housings that can be easily installed in the car.

SDK for app developers

Huf provides car manufacturer app developers with a software development kit (SDK) that allows them to easily and efficiently integrate Phone as a Key’s features into existing smartphone apps.

• AUTOSAR-compatible 
• CCC-compliant
• Security in accordance with ISO/SAE 21434
• Meets Thatcham requirements

Huf’s Phone as a Key digital car key meets all major standards on the vehicle side in terms of connectivity, compatibility, and security.

Phone as a Key is compatible with important standards

Systems for managing digital keys must be compatible with as many devices as possible and, secondly, be able to be integrated into as many vehicle architectures as possible. That is why Huf has made sure that Phone as a Key meets important standards. For example, Phone as a Key uses the common Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Near Field Communication (NFC) methods for signal transmission and positioning, and is compliant to AUTOSAR, CCC and Thatcham.

AUTOSAR: Can be integrated into almost all vehicle architectures

Thanks to an AUTOSAR-compliant control unit, Phone as a Key integrates well with suitable vehicle architectures. AUTOSAR is a worldwide development partnership of car manufacturers and other companies in the automotive industry that have jointly developed and established an open and standardized software architecture for electronic control units (ECU).

CCC Digital Key: Standards for smartphones

Huf is a member of the (Car Connectivity Consortium), where it is working with car manufacturers, suppliers, and smartphone manufacturers on standards for communication between smartphones and cars. With “Digital Key”, CCC is developing a standard for secure digital car keys on smartphones. Central to this will be Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology, which enables very precise and secure positioning.

The latest generations of smart devices such as smartphones, smart tags, and smartwatches already have UWB chips. Apple is considered a pioneer here with its iPhone 11 and iPhone 12, and Samsung has integrated UWB technology with the Samsung Galaxy S21+ and S21 ultra. These and other smartphones will comply with CCC standards in the future, as will Huf Phone as a Key, and will therefore be compatible.

Thatcham: Huf Phone as a Key meets anti-theft requirements

The British driving safety institute Thatcham Research stipulates that the engine may only be started when the key is inside the car. Outside the car, the interior may only be detected if the key is less than 20 centimeters from the outer skin of the car body. Phone as a Key meets these security requirements and thus offers a high level of theft protection.

ISO/SAE 21434

The “Road Vehicles – Cybersecurity Engineering” ISO/SAE 21434 standard is a standard for cyber security developed by an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) working group and SAE International (formerly the Society of Automotive Engineers). A key point of the standard is threat analysis and risk assessment.

The standard is related to the EU regulation on cyber security. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) is developing a certification scheme for a cyber security management system (CSMS), which becomes mandatory for the type approval of vehicles.

• UWB prevents relay station attacks with precise positioning
• Huf Phone as a Key meets Thatcham requirements 
• Digital car key from Huf complies with ISO/SAE 21434

The smartphone as a car key must be at least as secure as traditional car keys. Phone as a Key achieves this by combining BLE and UWB.

Digital car keys more secure than radio transmission via LF

Today, car access and authorization take place almost exclusively via radio-based keys. The problem with LF technology is that savvy thieves can intercept these radio waves. With these relay station attacks, unauthorized persons gain access to the vehicle by intercepting the key signals and extending them to their own device, which they then use to fool the vehicle into believing that the matching key is present.

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in conjunction with Ultra Wide Band (UWB) are capable of achieving extremely precise positioning across a large radius in comparison with current wireless technologies. UWB in particular plays to its strengths here. The signals generated use a very wide frequency range in a point-to-point positioning, generate very short time signals, and are insensitive to narrowband interference. With UWB in Phone as a Key, relay station attacks are a thing of the past. As a member of the Car Connectivity Consortium Huf is working with car manufacturers and tech giants such as Apple, Samsung, and Google toward making UWB the global standard as soon as possible.

Positioning precision is relevant for approval

Huf works on in cooperation with external partners such as NXP on a very high positioning precision, achieving very good results. This positioning precision is very important for the high approval requirements in various countries. In order for passive car access and authorization systems to receive approval relevant for insurance, there are strict specifications in many markets regarding the positioning precision of digital car key systems. Only if the system clearly detects that the smartphone is in the car may an engine start be possible.

Thatcham: Huf Phone as a Key meets anti-theft requirements

The British driving safety institute Thatcham Research regularly checks new vehicles for anti-theft protection. In addition to numerous on-board security technologies designed to prevent theft, the testers focus on systems that enable passive authorization via radio signal to open the vehicle. Important factors for a good keyless entry system are the prevention of signal extension by third parties and precise positioning. A system with very high positioning precision recognizes that the key for authorization is in the vehicle and only then starts the engine. This is also required by the Thatcham Institute. The positioning algorithms are designed to meet the highest security requirements and allow only a minimal tolerance range. Phone as a Key meets these security requirements and thus offers a high level of protection against theft.

ISO/SAE 21434: New standard for cyber security

Cyber security already plays an important role in the Phone as a Key product development process. This is why Phone as a Key complies with the new ISO/SAE 21434 standard for cyber security in the automotive sector. The standard was jointly developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers). The new regulations do not define the security loopholes in the vehicle and how to fix them, as that would be of little use due to the ever-increasing quality of hacker attacks. ISO 21434 has a significantly further-reaching impact on many processes at automotive companies. It begins with the product development process and defines clear concepts and specifications for a threat analysis and risk assessment. The standard also covers production, servicing, volume operation, and management as well as the disposal of personal data. Based on these defined frameworks and concepts, Huf communicates with its customers on a level playing field and can identify and block potential weak points in the digital world early on. This is the case, for example, with hardware and especially software components such as firmware, which is essential for reliable communication with smartphones but also offers potential risks. Then there are digital car keys, which are shared across various devices but cannot be allowed to fall into the wrong hands. The Huf Phone as a Key team has drawn up a comprehensive analysis and risk assessment, which means that it can already provide its customers with reliable estimates in line with ISO 21434.

Huf develops not only digital but also physical keys for hands-free car access with UWB, BLE, and NFC

In addition to digital car keys on smartphones, many car manufacturers would like to continue offering car buyers the physical car key. Hardly surprising, considering the handover of the car key is an important moment in the car purchase process. However, the physical car key must be compatible with the digital car key system because additional LF antennas in the vehicle are not a good solution for cost and security reasons alone. Huf has been able to reduce the power and computing requirements of the latest generation of car keys to the point where integration into an architecture with NFC, BLE, and UWB is possible. For example, a motion sensor integrated into the car key ensures that the key switches to sleep mode when it is not in use. This is how energy can be used efficiently.

• Huf has more than 100 years of experience
• Huf technology is in about 50 percent of all cars worldwide
• Huf has been working with digital car keys since 2014
• Huf is a specialist in secure car access and authorization

Huf is the specialist for car access and authorization for more than 100 years. Since 2014, Huf has offered digital car keys as a retrofit solution.

Huf: pioneer and innovator in passive vehicle access

Huf is the leading specialist in secure car access and authorization and has been the first choice and reliable partner for car manufacturers around the globe for more than 100 years. Huf supports its customers in the digital transformation with consistently up-to-date technologies in door handles, car keys, and key cards, offering suitable solutions for modern car access.

Huf has played a major role in the development of keyless entry systems

In 1989, the Mercedes SL (R129) was the first car that could be opened with infrared remote control – the remote control key was supplied by Huf. In 1999, Huf introduced the Passive Entry system. Keyless entry comfort, i.e. opening and starting the car without using the key at all, is now a widespread equipment feature with systems such as Keyless Go from Mercedes or Comfort Access from BMW. The first car door handle with NFC technology also came from Huf, making it possible to open the car with a smartphone for the first time.

Huf is the market leader for various products in the automotive sector

Huf is the market leader for car door handles and lock sets. Around 50 percent of all cars worldwide run on Huf products. In 2020, the automotive supplier generated sales of around EUR 1 billion with 7,800 employees at 19 locations worldwide.